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    <loc>https://appliedresearchengineering.com/blog/from-the-breadboard-to-the-pcb</loc>
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      <image:title>Blog - from the breadboard to the PCB - Circuit diagram schematic for FC1 prototype, with initial PCB layout on the right.</image:title>
      <image:caption>The PCB has 2 layers, allowing separation of some of the analog and digital signal carriers. The long portrait outline is so that it can fit easily in the handle of the casing, with the transducer connected at the top of the circuit.</image:caption>
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      <image:title>Blog - from the breadboard to the PCB - From the breadboard to the PCB.</image:title>
      <image:caption>The messy appearance of a breadboard prototype can often become restrictive - at this point it’s often sensible to move to a prototype board where you can solder your connections to achieve a cleaner and more permanent board. One step further than a prototype board is the printed PCB on the right, which represents a similar (if not more complex) circuit albeit without resistors and capacitors soldered. Despite this PCB being fairly verbose, it is clearly massively more concise than the breadboard prototype.</image:caption>
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    <loc>https://appliedresearchengineering.com/blog/ultrasonic-signals</loc>
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    <lastmod>2026-02-03</lastmod>
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      <image:title>Blog - Ultrasonic signals - Prototype enclosure</image:title>
      <image:caption>A compact 3D printed body gives sufficient space for circuitry while being easily portable in a jacket pocket or case. For the prototype stage the power source remains external, connected by a power cable.</image:caption>
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      <image:title>Blog - Ultrasonic signals - Oscilloscope view</image:title>
      <image:caption>The image shows a surge and decay in voltage across the piezo, fluctuating at ~40kHz as the mechanical transducer continues to resonate after initial excitement.</image:caption>
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      <image:title>Blog - Ultrasonic signals - Small IC</image:title>
      <image:caption>4 small modules (QFN package) in the tape on the right, before they are soldered to the converter PCB.</image:caption>
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    <lastmod>2026-02-21</lastmod>
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    <lastmod>2026-01-05</lastmod>
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